Trắc Nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp 10 Unit 11: Achievements - Reading - Explore New Worlds - Đề 01
Trắc Nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp 10 Unit 11: Achievements - Reading - Explore New Worlds - Đề 01 được xây dựng với nhiều câu hỏi chất lượng, sát với nội dung chương trình học, giúp bạn dễ dàng ôn tập và kiểm tra kiến thức hiệu quả. Hãy cùng bắt đầu làm bài tập trắc nghiệm ngay để nâng cao hiểu biết và chuẩn bị tốt cho kỳ thi sắp tới!
Câu 1: Read the following passage and answer the question.
Marie Curie, a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist, conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. Her achievements include the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world"s first studies of the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes, were conducted.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
- A. To explain the process of isolating radioactive isotopes.
- B. To describe the elements polonium and radium.
- C. To detail the history of Nobel Prizes.
- D. To highlight the significant achievements of Marie Curie.
Câu 2: Based on the passage about Marie Curie, which of the following statements can be inferred?
- A. Radioactivity was a well-understood concept before Marie Curie"s work.
- B. Marie Curie"s primary focus was on developing cancer treatments.
- C. Marie Curie faced and overcame significant challenges or norms to achieve her success.
- D. Polonium and radium are the most radioactive elements discovered.
Câu 3: Read the following excerpt.
Captain James Cook"s voyages in the Pacific Ocean were monumental not only for charting vast areas previously unknown to Europeans, but also for their scientific contributions. Onboard, scientists meticulously recorded observations of flora, fauna, and indigenous cultures. Cook also implemented measures to prevent scurvy among his crew, a devastating disease on long voyages at the time, by enforcing a diet that included sauerkraut and citrus fruits. This significantly improved the health and survival rates of his sailors.
What specific achievement of Captain Cook, beyond exploration, is emphasized in this text?
- A. His ability to navigate using stars.
- B. His success in preventing scurvy among his crew.
- C. His detailed maps of the Pacific seabed.
- D. His discovery of a new species of sauerkraut.
Câu 4: Consider the information about Captain Cook"s voyages. What conclusion can be drawn about the nature of exploration during his time?
- A. Exploration was increasingly integrated with scientific inquiry and practical health considerations.
- B. Exploration was primarily driven by military objectives.
- C. Most sailors on long voyages were expected to die from disease.
- D. The primary goal was finding new trade routes.
Câu 5: Read the passage about the invention of the printing press.
Johannes Gutenberg"s invention of the movable type printing press around 1440 revolutionized the spread of information. Before this, books were copied by hand, a slow and expensive process that made them accessible only to a small elite. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, drastically reducing their cost and increasing literacy rates across Europe. This invention is widely considered a key factor in the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution, enabling the rapid dissemination of new ideas.
Which of the following is a direct consequence of the invention of the printing press, as described in the text?
- A. Books became more elaborate and decorative.
- B. The clergy lost all influence over knowledge.
- C. Hand-copying of books completely stopped.
- D. Information and new ideas spread much faster and wider.
Câu 6: According to the passage about the printing press, why were books expensive and rare before Gutenberg"s invention?
- A. They had to be copied by hand, which was slow and costly.
- B. There was a limited supply of paper.
- C. Only highly educated people were allowed to own books.
- D. The ink used was extremely rare.
Câu 7: Read the text about the discovery of penicillin.
In 1928, Alexander Fleming, a Scottish physician and microbiologist, made a serendipitous discovery. While studying Staphylococcus bacteria, he noticed a mold, Penicillium notatum, growing on one of his culture plates. Around the mold was a clear area where the bacteria had failed to grow. Fleming correctly deduced that the mold produced a substance that killed the bacteria. This substance, later named penicillin, was the first true antibiotic and its development transformed medicine, saving millions of lives.
What does the word "serendipitous" most likely mean in the context of Fleming"s discovery?
- A. Planned and intentional.
- B. Difficult and challenging.
- C. Accidental but fortunate.
- D. Widely expected by the scientific community.
Câu 8: Based on the passage, what was the significance of penicillin?
- A. It was a rare type of mold.
- B. It could only kill Staphylococcus bacteria.
- C. It was primarily used for cleaning laboratory equipment.
- D. It was the first effective antibiotic, revolutionizing medicine.
Câu 9: Read the following short text.
The exploration of space has led to countless technological advancements that impact our daily lives, from satellite communication and GPS to materials science and medical imaging. While the initial motivation might have been the space race and scientific curiosity, the "spin-offs" from space research have created entirely new industries and improved existing technologies on Earth.
What is the main argument presented in this text regarding space exploration?
- A. It has generated numerous practical benefits and technological spin-offs for Earth.
- B. Its primary purpose was winning the space race.
- C. It is an expensive endeavor with limited real-world value.
- D. Its only contribution is understanding other planets.
Câu 10: According to the text on space exploration, what were some initial drivers for exploring space?
- A. Resource extraction and colonization.
- B. Military dominance and finding new life.
- C. The space race and scientific curiosity.
- D. Improving satellite TV reception.
Câu 11: Read the passage about the Rosetta Stone.
The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, is a stele inscribed with a decree issued in 196 BC. The decree appears in three scripts: the upper text is in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the middle text is in Demotic script, and the lower text is in ancient Greek. Because Greek was well understood, the stone provided the key to deciphering the hieroglyphs, which had been a lost language for centuries. This achievement, primarily by Jean-François Champollion in 1822, unlocked a wealth of knowledge about ancient Egyptian history and culture.
What was the primary significance of the Rosetta Stone"s discovery?
- A. It was a rare artifact from 196 BC.
- B. It enabled the deciphering of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
- C. It was inscribed in three different languages.
- D. It proved that ancient Greeks and Egyptians were allies.
Câu 12: Based on the passage about the Rosetta Stone, why was the ancient Greek text crucial for deciphering the hieroglyphs?
- A. Because ancient Greek was a language that scholars could still read and understand.
- B. Because it contained a direct translation of the entire hieroglyphic text.
- C. Because it was the longest of the three texts.
- D. Because it was written by the most famous scribe.
Câu 13: Read the text about the first ascent of Mount Everest.
The first confirmed ascent of Mount Everest was achieved by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on 29 May 1953. This monumental achievement required years of planning, preparation, and previous attempts by various expeditions. Their success was not only a triumph of human endurance and skill but also a symbol of exploring the limits of human capability. It inspired generations to pursue challenging goals and explore the world"s highest peaks.
What does the phrase "triumph of human endurance and skill" suggest about the first ascent of Everest?
- A. It was an easy climb for experienced mountaineers.
- B. It was purely a matter of luck.
- C. It was only possible due to advanced technology.
- D. It was a success achieved through great physical and mental strength and expertise.
Câu 14: According to the passage, what was one impact of Hillary and Norgay"s ascent of Mount Everest?
- A. It led to the closure of Everest to future climbers.
- B. It served as an inspiration for future challenging endeavors.
- C. It proved that only two people could climb Everest.
- D. It resulted in the immediate discovery of new species.
Câu 15: Read the following paragraph.
The development of the internet is a monumental achievement that has fundamentally changed how we communicate, access information, and conduct business. From its origins as a research network, it has grown into a global web connecting billions of people. While it presents challenges like privacy concerns and misinformation, its impact on facilitating communication and access to knowledge is undeniable.
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this paragraph?
- A. The internet is a transformative achievement with global impact on communication and information, despite presenting challenges.
- B. The internet"s main problem is privacy concerns and misinformation.
- C. The internet was originally designed only for research purposes.
- D. Accessing information is the most important function of the internet.
Câu 16: Based on the text about the internet, what is one acknowledged negative aspect?
- A. It is too slow for most users.
- B. It is only accessible to a small number of people.
- C. It raises issues like privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation.
- D. It has reduced the amount of available information.
Câu 17: Read the passage about the discovery of the structure of DNA.
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick, aided by the work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, published their model of the double helix structure of DNA. This discovery was a landmark achievement in biology, providing the key to understanding how genetic information is stored, copied, and passed down through generations. It laid the foundation for modern genetics and biotechnology, leading to breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and forensic science.
What was the main contribution of Watson and Crick"s work, based on the passage?
- A. They discovered that DNA exists.
- B. They determined the double helix structure of DNA.
- C. They invented biotechnology.
- D. They were the first to study genetics.
Câu 18: According to the text, what fields were influenced by the discovery of the DNA structure?
- A. Physics and chemistry.
- B. Astronomy and mathematics.
- C. History and philosophy.
- D. Medicine, agriculture, and forensic science.
Câu 19: Read the following excerpt about the exploration of the deep sea.
Exploring the deep sea, the vast and mysterious part of the ocean below 200 meters, presents immense technical challenges due to the extreme pressure, darkness, and cold. Despite these difficulties, advancements in submersible technology have allowed scientists to discover incredible biodiversity, including species adapted to survive in harsh conditions, and unique ecosystems like hydrothermal vents. This exploration expands our understanding of life on Earth and potentially offers insights into life on other planets.
What makes deep-sea exploration particularly challenging?
- A. The extreme pressure, darkness, and cold.
- B. The presence of large, dangerous animals.
- C. The lack of oxygen.
- D. The high salinity of the water.
Câu 20: Based on the text, what is one potential benefit of exploring the deep sea?
- A. Discovering new sources of oil.
- B. Finding new land to inhabit.
- C. Gaining insights into potential life on other planets.
- D. Improving surface navigation.
Câu 21: Read the passage about the Wright brothers.
Orville and Wilbur Wright are credited with inventing, building, and flying the world"s first successful motor-operated airplane in 1903. Their achievement at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, marked the beginning of the aviation age. Unlike many inventors at the time who focused solely on building an engine, the Wright brothers also meticulously studied aerodynamics and control, understanding that stable flight required mastering how the aircraft interacted with the air and how it could be steered. This holistic approach was key to their success.
What distinguished the Wright brothers" approach from other inventors of their time?
- A. They built a much larger plane than others.
- B. They focused not just on the engine, but also on aerodynamics and control.
- C. They were the first to use lightweight materials.
- D. They received significant government funding.
Câu 22: According to the text, where did the Wright brothers achieve their first successful flight?
- A. Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
- B. Dayton, Ohio.
- C. Paris, France.
- D. London, England.
Câu 23: Read the text about the discovery of electricity.
While ancient civilizations observed static electricity, the systematic study and harnessing of electrical power was a gradual process involving many scientists. Benjamin Franklin"s kite experiment connected lightning to electricity, Alessandro Volta invented the first battery, and Michael Faraday"s work on electromagnetic induction was crucial for electric motors and generators. Thomas Edison developed the first practical incandescent light bulb and established power distribution systems. Nikola Tesla made significant contributions to alternating current (AC) systems. These cumulative achievements transformed society, leading to the modern electrified world.
Which statement is supported by the information in the text?
- A. Benjamin Franklin was the sole inventor of electricity.
- B. The battery was invented before static electricity was observed.
- C. Thomas Edison invented both direct and alternating current systems.
- D. The development of electrical power involved the contributions of multiple scientists over time.
Câu 24: What was Michael Faraday"s key contribution mentioned in the passage?
- A. Inventing the first battery.
- B. Developing the light bulb.
- C. Work on electromagnetic induction, important for motors and generators.
- D. Connecting lightning to electricity.
Câu 25: Read the passage about the structure of the atom.
Understanding the structure of the atom has been one of the most significant achievements in physics and chemistry. Early models, like Dalton"s solid sphere, were simple. J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, leading to the "plum pudding" model. Ernest Rutherford"s gold foil experiment revealed the nucleus, proposing a model with electrons orbiting a central positive core. Niels Bohr refined this with quantized energy levels. Quantum mechanics later provided a more complex, probabilistic view. This journey of discovery, built upon successive models, unlocked the secrets of matter and energy.
Which scientist"s experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus?
- A. J.J. Thomson.
- B. Ernest Rutherford.
- C. Niels Bohr.
- D. John Dalton.
Câu 26: Based on the text, how did the understanding of the atom evolve over time?
- A. It progressed through successive models, becoming increasingly complex and accurate.
- B. Scientists immediately understood the final quantum mechanical model.
- C. Early models were completely correct from the start.
- D. The understanding was static and did not change much.
Câu 27: Read the following.
The exploration of Antarctica, the Earth"s southernmost continent, began in the 19th century but faced extreme challenges from the harsh climate, ice, and vast distances. Early expeditions focused on reaching the South Pole, famously achieved by Roald Amundsen in 1911, shortly before Robert Falcon Scott. Modern exploration is primarily scientific, studying climate change, unique ecosystems, and geology. Antarctica remains a continent dedicated to peace and science by international treaty.
What is the primary focus of modern exploration in Antarctica?
- A. Establishing permanent human settlements.
- B. Extracting mineral resources.
- C. Reaching the South Pole faster.
- D. Conducting scientific research.
Câu 28: According to the text, what was the goal of early expeditions to Antarctica?
- A. Mapping the entire coastline.
- B. Reaching the South Pole.
- C. Studying the wildlife.
- D. Finding new shipping routes.
Câu 29: Read the passage about the development of vaccines.
Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements in public health, having eradicated diseases like smallpox and significantly reduced the incidence of many others, such as polio, measles, and tetanus. The concept originated with Edward Jenner"s work on smallpox in the late 18th century, observing that milkmaids exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox. Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, establishing the scientific principles of vaccination. This field continues to evolve, protecting billions globally.
Who is credited with the early concept of vaccination through his work on smallpox?
- A. Edward Jenner.
- B. Louis Pasteur.
- C. Alexander Fleming.
- D. Robert Koch.
Câu 30: Based on the text, what is a major impact of vaccines on global health?
- A. They can cure any disease.
- B. They are a recent invention.
- C. They have increased the spread of infectious diseases.
- D. They have eradicated or significantly reduced the incidence of many infectious diseases.
