Bài tập Đề Trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 9 Reading

Câu 1: Read the following passage and choose the best answer for questions 1-6:

Deserts are often perceived as barren, lifeless landscapes, but in reality, they are dynamic ecosystems teeming with life specially adapted to extreme conditions. The defining characteristic of a desert is its aridity – receiving less than 250 millimeters (10 inches) of precipitation per year. This scarcity of water presents unique challenges for survival.

Desert plants have evolved remarkable strategies to cope with drought. Some, like cacti, store water in their fleshy stems and roots and have spines instead of leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration. Others, known as ephemerals, have short life cycles, germinating, flowering, and seeding only after rare rainfalls, then lying dormant as seeds for years. Deep root systems (taproots) or wide, shallow root networks are common adaptations for absorbing water when available.

Desert animals also exhibit fascinating adaptations. Many are nocturnal, avoiding the scorching daytime heat by being active at night. Small animals often burrow underground to escape temperature extremes. Physiological adaptations include efficient water usage and waste excretion. For instance, some desert mammals produce highly concentrated urine, and many reptiles and insects can obtain sufficient water from their food.

Despite the harshness, deserts support diverse communities. Understanding these adaptations provides insight into the resilience of life and the intricate balance of desert ecosystems. However, these fragile environments are increasingly threatened by human activities, including climate change, unsustainable agriculture, and resource extraction.

Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

• A. Deserts are barren and lifeless because of extreme conditions.
• B. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.
• C. Deserts are dynamic ecosystems with life adapted to scarcity of water.
• D. Human activities are improving life in desert environments.

Câu 2: According to the passage, what is the key characteristic that defines a desert?

• A. High daytime temperatures.
• B. Presence of sand dunes.
• C. Lack of animal life.
• D. Low annual precipitation.

Câu 3: What is one adaptation mentioned for desert plants to conserve water?

• A. Having spines instead of leaves.
• B. Growing very tall to reach sunlight.
• C. Requiring large amounts of water.
• D. Flowering continuously throughout the year.

Câu 4: The passage mentions "ephemerals" as desert plants. What is a characteristic strategy of ephemerals?

• A. They store water in their roots for decades.
• B. They complete their life cycle quickly after rain.
• C. They have thick, waxy leaves.
• D. They are active mostly during the day.

Câu 5: Why do many desert animals exhibit nocturnal behavior?

• A. To find more food sources available at night.
• B. To avoid predators that are active during the day.
• C. To escape the extreme heat of the day.
• D. Because they have poor eyesight in daylight.

Câu 6: The word

• A. Dryness
• B. Heat
• C. Sandiness
• D. Fertility

Câu 7: Read the following passage and choose the best answer for questions 7-12:

Biodiversity in deserts, though often less visible than in other biomes, is remarkably rich and specialized. Each species plays a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance of these ecosystems. For example, small rodents might serve as prey for larger carnivores like foxes or owls, while also dispersing seeds of desert plants. Insects are vital pollinators for many flowering species.

However, desert biodiversity is facing significant threats. Climate change is altering temperature and rainfall patterns, pushing species beyond their adaptive limits. Habitat loss due to urbanization, agriculture expansion, and resource extraction (mining, oil drilling) directly destroys or fragments desert habitats. Overgrazing by livestock can degrade fragile vegetation, leading to soil erosion and desertification. The introduction of invasive species further disrupts native ecosystems by outcompeting local plants and animals for scarce resources.

Conservation efforts are underway globally, but they face considerable challenges. Protecting large tracts of land, managing water resources sustainably, controlling invasive species, and promoting ecotourism are some approaches. Raising public awareness about the ecological value of deserts and the threats they face is also critical for garnering support for conservation initiatives.

What is the main focus of the second paragraph?

• A. The importance of rodents in desert ecosystems.
• B. Threats to biodiversity in deserts.
• C. Examples of desert conservation efforts.
• D. The definition of desert biodiversity.

Câu 8: According to the passage, how might small rodents contribute to desert ecosystems?

• A. They consume large carnivores.
• B. They are the primary pollinators.
• C. They store water for other animals.
• D. They disperse seeds and serve as prey.

Câu 9: Which of the following is NOT listed as a threat to desert biodiversity?

• A. Sustainable water management.
• B. Expansion of agriculture.
• C. Introduction of invasive species.
• D. Climate change.

Câu 10: What is a negative impact of overgrazing mentioned in the passage?

• A. Increased rainfall.
• B. Improved soil fertility.
• C. Soil erosion and desertification.
• D. Decreased competition among species.

Câu 11: The word

• A. Increased in size.
• B. Become more fertile.
• C. Protected from threats.
• D. Broken into smaller pieces.

Câu 12: What does the passage suggest is crucial for gaining support for desert conservation?

• A. Educating the public about desert value and threats.
• B. Building more research stations in deserts.
• C. Focusing only on protecting large animals.
• D. Ignoring the impact of climate change.

Câu 13: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Many desert animals have developed remarkable __________ to survive in the harsh environment.

• A. illnesses
• B. adaptations
• C. migrations
• D. predators

Câu 14: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Due to the lack of water, plant life in the desert is often sparse and __________.

• A. barren
• B. lush
• C. dense
• D. humid

Câu 15: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Some desert plants have long __________ that allow them to absorb water from a wide area.

• A. branches
• B. flowers
• C. root systems
• D. spines

Câu 16: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
The extreme __________ in deserts, from very hot days to cold nights, makes survival challenging.

• A. humidity
• B. precipitation
• C. vegetation
• D. temperatures

Câu 17: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Many desert animals are __________; they are most active during the night.

• A. diurnal
• B. nocturnal
• C. migratory
• D. aquatic

Câu 18: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture, is called __________.

• A. desertification
• B. urbanization
• C. conservation
• D. irrigation

Câu 19: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Plants that can withstand long periods of dryness are described as __________.

• A. hydrophilic
• B. ephemeral
• C. drought-resistant
• D. carnivorous

Câu 20: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Some desert animals have __________ adaptations, such as producing concentrated urine, to minimize water loss.

• A. behavioral
• B. structural
• C. environmental
• D. physiological

Câu 21: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
If a desert receives less than 250 millimeters of rain annually, it __________ extremely arid.

• A. is considered
• B. considers
• C. is considering
• D. considered

Câu 22: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Desert plants __________ remarkable strategies to cope with the scarcity of water over millions of years.

• A. is evolving
• B. have evolved
• C. evolves
• D. was evolved

Câu 23: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Small desert animals often __________ underground to escape the heat.

• A. burrow
• B. fly
• C. swim
• D. climb

Câu 24: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
The fragile desert ecosystem __________ by human activities.

• A. threaten
• B. are threatening
• C. is threatened
• D. has threatened

Câu 25: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Conservationists are working __________ the spread of invasive species in desert regions.

• A. promote
• B. to control
• C. ignoring
• D. to encourage

Câu 26: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
If temperatures continue to rise, many desert species __________ unable to adapt.

• A. are
• B. were
• C. had been
• D. will be

Câu 27: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Desert plants often have a waxy coating on their leaves, __________ helps reduce water loss.

• A. which
• B. who
• C. where
• D. why

Câu 28: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Some desert animals can survive for long periods __________ drinking water.

• A. by
• B. with
• C. without
• D. for

Câu 29: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
Desert ecosystems are extremely __________ to changes in climate.

• A. resistant
• B. sensitive
• C. stable
• D. predictable

Câu 30: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
The Sahara is the largest hot desert, __________ the Arctic and Antarctic are cold deserts.

• A. so
• B. but
• C. and
• D. while

Câu 1: According to the passage, what is the primary characteristic that defines a desert?

• A. Extremely high temperatures
• B. Very little precipitation
• C. Vast sandy areas
• D. Lack of vegetation

Câu 2: The word

• A. remain stable
• B. decrease slowly
• C. vary or change
• D. increase rapidly

Câu 3: Based on the passage, which statement about desert life is TRUE?

• A. A surprising variety of life forms have adapted to desert conditions.
• B. Life is non-existent in most desert environments.
• C. Only simple organisms can survive in deserts.
• D. Desert life forms struggle to survive and are not well-adapted.

Câu 4: According to the text, what is one way cacti are adapted to conserve water?

• A. They grow very tall to reach sunlight.
• B. They have large leaves to collect dew.
• C. Their flowers open only at night.
• D. They have spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss.

Câu 5: The passage describes two main types of root systems found in desert plants. What are they?

• A. Shallow and thick
• B. Shallow and wide, or deep taproots
• C. Deep and thin
• D. Surface roots only

Câu 6: What is the primary function of the deep taproots mentioned in the passage?

• A. To anchor the plant firmly in sand.
• B. To store excess nutrients.
• C. To access water sources deep underground.
• D. To absorb sunlight efficiently.

Câu 7: How do many desert animals primarily avoid the extreme daytime heat?

• A. By being active at night (nocturnal).
• B. By storing large amounts of water.
• C. By having thick fur or skin.
• D. By migrating to cooler areas during the day.

Câu 8: The passage suggests that small desert animals stay underground during the day. What is the main reason for this behavior?

• A. To hide from predators.
• B. To find food sources.
• C. To build nests.
• D. To escape the scorching daytime heat.

Câu 9: Based on the passage, what distinguishes cold deserts like the Antarctic from hot deserts?

• A. They receive more rainfall.
• B. They have extremely low temperatures.
• C. They are covered in sand.
• D. They have a greater variety of plant life.

Câu 10: What process is exacerbated (made worse) by human activities like unsustainable agriculture and water extraction, according to the passage?

• A. Adaptation
• B. Precipitation
• C. Desertification
• D. Nocturnal activity

Câu 11: The passage implies that understanding desert ecosystems is important for what purpose?

• A. For conservation efforts.
• B. For building new cities.
• C. For finding oil and gas.
• D. For developing new crops.

Câu 12: What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

• A. The extreme temperatures in deserts.
• B. The types of deserts around the world.
• C. Human impact on deserts.
• D. Adaptations of living things to desert life.

Câu 13: The word

• A. extraordinary
• B. simple
• C. common
• D. difficult

Câu 14: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of desert plants or animals in the passage?

• A. Storing water in thick stems.
• B. Being active during the night.
• C. Hibernating during the dry season.
• D. Having roots that spread wide.

Câu 15: What can be inferred about the amount of rainfall in cold deserts compared to hot deserts?

• A. Cold deserts receive much more rainfall.
• B. Both receive very little precipitation, though the form may differ.
• C. Cold deserts only receive precipitation as rain.
• D. Hot deserts receive more precipitation in the form of snow.

Câu 16: The phrase

• A. make the problem of desertification worse.
• B. help to stop desertification.
• C. have no effect on desertification.
• D. are the only causes of desertification.

Câu 17: Which of the following best describes the author"s attitude towards deserts as presented in the passage?

• A. Seeing them only as barren and lifeless.
• B. Focusing solely on the dangers they pose.
• C. Presenting them as places easy for life to thrive.
• D. Acknowledging their harshness while highlighting unique life and importance.

Câu 18: What is the primary purpose of the passage?

• A. To persuade readers to visit deserts.
• B. To describe a specific desert in detail.
• C. To provide general information about deserts and their ecosystems.
• D. To argue against human activities in deserts.

Câu 19: The word

• A. essential
• B. minor
• C. optional
• D. difficult

Câu 20: Why is there a significant temperature difference between day and night in deserts?

• A. Because of constant wind.
• B. Due to the presence of large bodies of water.
• C. Because the dry air and lack of cloud cover don"t retain heat well.
• D. Due to high levels of humidity.

Câu 21: The word

• A. mild
• B. severe
• C. pleasant
• D. moderate

Câu 22: What is the main difference in how shallow roots and deep taproots help desert plants survive?

• A. Shallow roots store water, taproots absorb it.
• B. Shallow roots protect from predators, taproots provide stability.
• C. Shallow roots absorb nutrients, taproots absorb water.
• D. Shallow roots collect surface rain, taproots access deeper water.

Câu 23: Based on the passage, which sentence best summarizes the challenge of life in deserts?

• A. Finding enough food is the biggest problem.
• B. Coping with extreme temperatures and scarcity of water is difficult.
• C. Avoiding predators is the main struggle.
• D. The lack of sunlight makes survival hard.

Câu 24: The passage structure moves from a general definition of deserts to discussing:

• A. life adaptations, different types, and human impact.
• B. human impact, then animal life, then plant life.
• C. only plant adaptations and human activities.
• D. only hot deserts and their temperatures.

Câu 25: What is the main reason camels can survive long periods without water, according to the passage?

• A. They drink large amounts of water at once.
• B. They sweat very little.
• C. They store water in their stomachs.
• D. They have specialized kidneys and store fat in humps.

Câu 26: The word

• A. the process of fertile land turning into desert.
• B. the formation of sand dunes.
• C. the adaptation of plants to dry conditions.
• D. the study of desert ecosystems.

Câu 27: What kind of human activities are mentioned as contributing to desertification?

• A. Tourism and research.
• B. Mining and industry.
• C. Unsustainable agriculture and water extraction.
• D. Conservation and reforestation.

Câu 28: What can be concluded about the importance of conservation efforts related to deserts?

• A. Conservation is not very important for deserts.
• B. Conservation efforts are essential for protecting desert ecosystems.
• C. Deserts do not require conservation as they are naturally barren.
• D. Conservation efforts in deserts are primarily focused on finding water.

Câu 29: The passage describes deserts as having

• A. always very hot.
• B. always very cold.
• C. consistently moderate.
• D. either very high or very low, fluctuating greatly.

Câu 30: Which of the following best represents the overall tone of the passage?

• A. Informative and objective.
• B. Emotional and passionate.
• C. Critical and negative.
• D. Humorous and lighthearted.

Câu 1: According to Passage 1, what is the defining characteristic of a desert?

• A. Receiving very little precipitation annually.
• B. Having extremely high temperatures year-round.
• C. Being covered mostly by sand dunes.
• D. Lacking any form of plant or animal life.

Câu 2: Based on Passage 1, what is the main reason for the significant temperature difference between day and night in hot deserts?

• A. The presence of large rock formations.
• B. Strong winds that cool the surface.
• C. Lack of cloud cover and humidity.
• D. High levels of sand in the air.

Câu 3: Passage 1 mentions that deserts can be "hot or cold". Which pair of deserts is used to exemplify these two types?

• A. Sahara and Gobi.
• B. Sahara and Antarctic.
• C. Gobi and Antarctic.
• D. Sahara and Arctic.

Câu 4: What is one adaptation of desert plants mentioned in Passage 1 to conserve water?

• A. Growing tall trunks to reach moisture in the air.
• B. Having large leaves to absorb dew.
• C. Developing thorns to deter animals.
• D. Storing water in their stems and leaves.

Câu 5: Passage 1 describes two main types of root systems in desert plants. What is the primary function of shallow and widespread roots?

• A. To quickly absorb infrequent surface rainfall.
• B. To anchor the plant firmly in loose sand.
• C. To reach deep underground water sources.
• D. To prevent erosion of the surrounding soil.

Câu 6: According to Passage 1, how do some desert animals avoid the extreme daytime heat?

• A. They migrate to cooler regions during the day.
• B. They cover themselves completely in sand.
• C. They become active only during the cooler night.
• D. They drink large amounts of water in the morning.

Câu 7: Passage 1 suggests that desert life is "highly specialized". What does this imply about the plants and animals found in deserts?

• A. They can live in any environment.
• B. They have evolved unique traits specifically suited to the harsh desert conditions.
• C. They are very similar to species found in rainforests.
• D. They rely heavily on human intervention to survive.

Câu 8: The word "arid" in Passage 1 is closest in meaning to:

• A. Fertile.
• B. Humid.
• C. Mountainous.
• D. Dry.

Câu 9: Based on the information in Passage 1, which statement about desert biodiversity is most accurate?

• A. Biodiversity is generally lower than in more humid environments, but the species present are well-adapted.
• B. Deserts have the highest biodiversity of any biome.
• C. Biodiversity is low because only plants can survive.
• D. Biodiversity is limited only by the amount of sunlight.

Câu 10: What does the phrase "temperature fluctuations" in Passage 1 refer to?

• A. The average yearly temperature.
• B. Significant changes in temperature over a period, like day and night.
• C. The highest temperature recorded in a desert.
• D. Consistent, unchanging temperatures.

Câu 11: According to Passage 2, what is desertification primarily defined as?

• A. The expansion of existing deserts into new areas due to natural climate cycles.
• B. A process where fertile land is converted into forests.
• C. A type of land degradation where a dry region becomes increasingly arid.
• D. The creation of artificial oases in dry areas.

Câu 12: Passage 2 states that desertification is caused by various factors. Which factor is often considered the "primary driver"?

• A. Natural wildfires.
• B. Volcanic activity.
• C. Climatic variations.
• D. Human activities.

Câu 13: Based on Passage 2, how does overgrazing by livestock contribute to desertification?

• A. By removing protective plant cover, leading to soil erosion.
• B. By compacting the soil, making it hold more water.
• C. By introducing invasive plant species.
• D. By increasing the amount of shade on the ground.

Câu 14: According to Passage 2, what is one consequence of deforestation that contributes to desertification?

• A. It increases rainfall in the area.
• B. It destroys habitats and destabilizes the soil.
• C. It encourages new plant growth.
• D. It reduces the average temperature.

Câu 15: Passage 2 mentions that poor irrigation practices can lead to "salinization". What effect does salinization have on the land?

• A. It makes the land suitable for growing more crops.
• B. It improves the drainage of the soil.
• C. It makes the land unsuitable for agriculture.
• D. It increases the amount of freshwater available.

Câu 16: What is a severe consequence of desertification related to food production, as described in Passage 2?

• A. Increased variety of crops.
• B. Higher yields from existing farms.
• C. Easier access to water for farming.
• D. Reduced agricultural productivity due to loss of fertile land.

Câu 17: Passage 2 discusses the impact of desertification on populations. What does it state can result from people being "displaced" from degraded land?

• A. Forced migration.
• B. Increased job opportunities.
• C. Improved living conditions.
• D. More stable communities.

Câu 18: According to Passage 2, what is one suggested measure to combat desertification?

• A. Building large cities in affected areas.
• B. Implementing sustainable land management practices.
• C. Encouraging widespread irrigation with poor drainage.
• D. Cutting down more trees for firewood.

Câu 19: The word "degradation" in Passage 2 is closest in meaning to:

• A. Deterioration or decline in quality.
• B. Improvement or enhancement.
• C. Expansion or growth.
• D. Stabilization or balance.

Câu 20: What does Passage 2 imply about the nature of solutions needed to combat desertification?

• A. They should focus only on climate change.
• B. They should involve only technological fixes.
• C. They should only address the symptoms, not the causes.
• D. They should be "integrated", involving multiple strategies and participants.

Câu 21: Comparing Passage 1 and Passage 2, which statement best describes their different focuses?

• A. Passage 1 focuses on human impact, while Passage 2 focuses on natural characteristics.
• B. Passage 1 discusses solutions, while Passage 2 discusses problems.
• C. Passage 1 describes the characteristics of deserts and life there, while Passage 2 describes a specific environmental problem affecting dry lands.
• D. Both passages focus solely on the climate of deserts.

Câu 22: If a desert animal is described as "nocturnal" according to Passage 1, what does this mean it primarily does?

• A. It sleeps underground during the night.
• B. It is active during the night.
• C. It only eats plants.
• D. It can fly long distances.

Câu 23: Based on both passages, what is one shared characteristic of deserts and areas undergoing desertification?

• A. They are characterized by arid or increasingly arid conditions.
• B. They are always extremely hot.
• C. They have high levels of biodiversity.
• D. They are primarily caused by natural climate change.

Câu 24: Passage 2 mentions "dust storms" as a consequence of desertification. What is one impact of these storms?

• A. They help fertilize the land.
• B. They bring much-needed rain.
• C. They improve visibility.
• D. They impact air quality and health.

Câu 25: The word "plausible" in a text (not from the provided passages) means something that is:

• A. Completely impossible.
• B. Difficult to understand.
• C. Appearing reasonable or probable.
• D. Highly imaginative and unrealistic.

Câu 26: If a question asks you to "infer" something from a text, what are you expected to do?

• A. Reach a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning, rather than explicit statements.
• B. Copy a sentence directly from the text.
• C. State your personal opinion on the topic.
• D. Summarize the main points of the text in your own words.

Câu 27: Which of the following human activities is not listed in Passage 2 as a primary driver of desertification?

• A. Overgrazing by livestock.
• B. Deforestation.
• C. Poor irrigation practices.
• D. Establishing national parks.

Câu 28: Based on Passage 1, what allows camels to survive long periods without food or water?

• A. Their ability to tolerate extreme dehydration and specific physical features.
• B. Their nocturnal behavior.
• C. Their shallow and widespread root systems.
• D. Their diet consists mainly of water-rich plants.

Câu 29: The overall tone of both Passage 1 and Passage 2 can best be described as:

• A. Humorous and entertaining.
• B. Argumentative and persuasive.
• C. Informative and objective.
• D. Emotional and dramatic.

Câu 30: Passage 2 states that international cooperation is vital to address desertification. What does this suggest about the problem?

• A. It only affects one country.
• B. It is a global environmental challenge requiring coordinated efforts across countries.
• C. It can be solved by individual actions alone.
• D. Only international organizations are responsible for fixing it.

Câu 31: Which adaptation mentioned in Passage 1 helps some desert plants reduce water loss?

• A. Large surface area of leaves.
• B. Brightly colored flowers.
• C. Rapid growth rate.
• D. Small surface area or waxy coatings.

Câu 1: Theo đoạn văn, đặc điểm chính nào dùng để định nghĩa sa mạc?

• A. Nhiệt độ cực cao.
• B. Gió mạnh.
• C. Độ ẩm thấp.
• D. Lượng mưa hàng năm rất thấp.

Câu 2: Đoạn văn nói rằng sa mạc nhận được lượng mưa hàng năm ít hơn bao nhiêu?

• A. 250 inch.
• B. 10 milimét.
• C. 250 milimét (10 inch).
• D. 100 milimét.

Câu 3: Trong đoạn 1, từ

• A. sự phong phú.
• B. sự dư thừa.
• C. sự thiếu thốn.
• D. sự hiện diện.

Câu 4: Đoạn văn mô tả

• A. Thực vật lưu trữ nước.
• B. Thực vật có rễ sâu.
• C. Thực vật chỉ sống một ngày.
• D. Thực vật phát triển nhanh sau khi có mưa.

Câu 5: Dựa trên đoạn văn, điểm khác biệt chính trong chức năng của hệ rễ nông lan rộng và rễ cọc sâu liên quan đến việc lấy nước là gì?

• A. Rễ nông để ổn định, rễ sâu để hút chất dinh dưỡng.
• B. Rễ nông để trữ nước, rễ sâu để hỗ trợ.
• C. Rễ nông để thu nước bề mặt, rễ sâu để vươn tới nước ngầm.
• D. Cả hai loại rễ đều dùng để trữ nước.

Câu 6: Dựa trên mô tả về ephemerals, điều gì có khả năng xảy ra với hạt giống của chúng nếu sa mạc trải qua hạn hán kéo dài nhiều năm?

• A. Chúng sẽ chết hoàn toàn.
• B. Hạt giống sẽ nảy mầm nhưng nhanh chóng chết.
• C. Hạt giống của chúng sẽ nằm im (dormant).
• D. Chúng sẽ thích nghi bằng cách mọc rễ sâu.

Câu 7: Theo đoạn văn, tại sao nhiều loài động vật sa mạc chủ yếu hoạt động vào ban đêm?

• A. Để tìm kiếm nhiều thức ăn hơn.
• B. Để tránh kẻ săn mồi.
• C. Để bảo tồn nước.
• D. Để tránh cái nóng dữ dội ban ngày.

Câu 8: Dựa trên đoạn văn, điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập là cách thực vật sa mạc giảm thiểu mất nước?

• A. Mọc gai thay lá.
• B. Có lớp biểu bì dày và sáp.
• C. Giảm diện tích bề mặt lá.
• D. Hấp thụ sương vào buổi sáng.

Câu 9: Theo đoạn văn, một số loài động vật sa mạc lấy toàn bộ lượng nước cần thiết từ đâu?

• A. Từ sông suối.
• B. Từ sương buổi sáng.
• C. Từ các suối ngầm.
• D. Từ thức ăn chúng ăn.

Câu 10: Đoạn văn nói gì về bướu của lạc đà?

• A. Nó trữ nước.
• B. Nó trữ mỡ.
• C. Nó giúp điều chỉnh nhiệt độ cơ thể.
• D. Nó giúp giữ thăng bằng.

Câu 11: Tai lớn của cáo fennec phục vụ mục đích kép nào được đề cập trong đoạn văn?

• A. Nghe và tìm thức ăn.
• B. Nghe và trữ nước.
• C. Nghe và tỏa nhiệt cơ thể.
• D. Tìm thức ăn và tỏa nhiệt cơ thể.

Câu 12: Ý chính của đoạn văn thứ hai là gì?

• A. Những thách thức của cuộc sống sa mạc.
• B. Cách thực vật tồn tại trong sa mạc.
• C. Các loại thực vật sa mạc khác nhau.
• D. Tầm quan trọng của lượng mưa đối với thực vật.

Câu 13: Ý chính của đoạn văn thứ ba là gì?

• A. Cách động vật tìm nước.
• B. Các loại động vật sa mạc khác nhau.
• C. Cách động vật tồn tại trong sa mạc.
• D. Những thách thức mà động vật phải đối mặt.

Câu 14: Chủ đề chính được thảo luận trong toàn bộ đoạn văn là gì?

• A. Những điều kiện khắc nghiệt của sa mạc.
• B. Các loại sa mạc khác nhau.
• C. Sự thích nghi của thực vật và động vật với cuộc sống sa mạc.
• D. Sự khan hiếm nước ở sa mạc.

Câu 15: Dựa trên đoạn văn, phát biểu nào có khả năng ĐÚNG nhất về sự sống trong sa mạc?

• A. Sa mạc hầu như không có sự sống.
• B. Chỉ có thực vật mới có thể sống sót trong nhiệt độ cực cao.
• C. Các dạng sống có những cách độc đáo để đối phó với điều kiện khắc nghiệt.
• D. Chỉ có động vật nhỏ mới có thể sống ở đó.

Câu 16: Hãy tưởng tượng một loại cây chỉ có hệ rễ nông đơn lẻ được đưa vào sa mạc. Dựa trên đoạn văn, nó có khả năng gặp khó khăn gì?

• A. Không thể trữ đủ nước.
• B. Không thể quang hợp.
• C. Không thể vươn tới nguồn nước ngầm sâu.
• D. Không thể hấp thụ mưa bề mặt.

Câu 17: Sự thích nghi nào được mô tả cho thực vật trong đoạn văn có nguyên tắc TƯƠNG TỰ NHẤT với khả năng của chuột kangaroo sản xuất nước trao đổi chất?

• A. Ephemerals chờ mưa.
• B. Hệ rễ nông lan rộng.
• C. Rễ cọc sâu.
• D. Trữ nước trong mô (xương rồng/succulents).

Câu 18: Trong đoạn 3, từ

• A. khó khăn.
• B. thiết yếu.
• C. phổ biến.
• D. thú vị.

Câu 19: Trong đoạn 3, từ

• A. tránh né.
• B. đòi hỏi.
• C. chịu đựng.
• D. thích thú.

Câu 20: Đoạn văn nói rằng sa mạc

• A. Chúng nhận được một ít mưa.
• B. Nhiệt độ dao động.
• C. Chúng là nơi sinh sống của nhiều sinh vật đa dạng với những thích nghi.
• D. Lạc đà có thể sống sót ở đó.

Câu 21: Đoạn văn đề cập rằng thực vật như xương rồng và succulents là "masters of water storage". Chúng lưu trữ gì để tồn tại?

• A. Chất dinh dưỡng.
• B. Năng lượng.
• C. Nước.
• D. Mỡ.

Câu 22: Dựa trên đoạn văn, sự khác biệt trong nguồn nước mà cây có rễ nông và cây có rễ cọc sâu tiếp cận là gì?

• A. Rễ nông từ sương, rễ sâu từ mưa.
• B. Rễ nông từ mưa bề mặt, rễ sâu từ nước ngầm.
• C. Rễ nông từ nước ngầm, rễ sâu từ mưa bề mặt.
• D. Cả hai loại rễ đều từ mưa.

Câu 23: Có thể suy luận gì về khí hậu trong khoảng thời gian ngắn ngủi khi cây ephemerals hoàn thành vòng đời của chúng?

• A. Rất nóng và khô.
• B. Lạnh nhưng ẩm ướt.
• C. Có đủ độ ẩm.
• D. Cực kỳ gió.

Câu 24: Dựa trên mô tả trong đoạn văn về sự thích nghi với nhiệt độ và sự khan hiếm nước, sự thích nghi giả định nào sau đây có khả năng ÍT mang lại lợi ích nhất cho một loài động vật sa mạc?

• A. Hoạt động vào ban đêm.
• B. Có các cách sinh lý để bảo tồn nước.
• C. Cần lượng nước lớn hàng ngày.
• D. Lấy nước từ thức ăn.

Câu 25: Đoạn văn thảo luận về sự dao động nhiệt độ. Điều gì gây ra sự sụt giảm đáng kể nhiệt độ vào ban đêm ở sa mạc?

• A. Gió mạnh.
• B. Thiếu ánh sáng mặt trời.
• C. Thiếu mây/độ ẩm để giữ nhiệt.
• D. Động vật hoạt động vào ban đêm.

Câu 26: Ngoài việc nghe, tai lớn của cáo fennec còn giúp chúng làm gì theo đoạn văn?

• A. Tìm kiếm thức ăn.
• B. Trữ nước.
• C. Giữ thăng bằng.
• D. Tỏa nhiệt cơ thể.

Câu 27: Đoạn văn đề cập rằng bướu của lạc đà trữ mỡ, không phải nước. Mục đích của việc đưa thông tin này vào là gì?

• A. Để giải thích cách lạc đà lấy năng lượng.
• B. Để sửa lại một quan niệm sai lầm phổ biến về lạc đà.
• C. Để cho thấy lạc đà không cần nước.
• D. Để so sánh lạc đà với các loài động vật khác.

Câu 28: Cây ephemerals có thể sống sót qua nhiều năm hạn hán khắc nghiệt nhờ vào đặc điểm nào?

• A. Khả năng trữ nước trong thân.
• B. Hệ rễ cọc vươn sâu.
• C. Lớp biểu bì dày, sáp.
• D. Hạt giống có thể nằm im (dormant) trong đất.

Câu 29: Trong đoạn 2, từ

• A. chết.
• B. hoạt động.
• C. đang phát triển.
• D. không hoạt động nhưng còn sống.

Câu 30: Phát biểu nào sau đây tóm tắt tốt nhất mối quan hệ giữa điều kiện sa mạc và sự sống trong sa mạc được mô tả trong đoạn văn?

• A. Điều kiện sa mạc ngăn cản sự sống.
• B. Chỉ có sự sống đơn giản tồn tại.
• C. Sự sống phát triển mạnh nhờ điều kiện sa mạc.
• D. Sự sống thích nghi để tồn tại trong điều kiện khắc nghiệt của sa mạc.