nO2 = 3.92/22.4 = 0.175 mol. nCO2 = 2.24/22.4 = 0.1 mol. nH2O = 1.8/18 = 0.1 mol. nCO2 = nH2O => ester no, đơn chức, mạch hở. CnH2nO2 + (3n-2)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + nH2O. (3n-2)/2 / n = 0.175 / 0.1 = 1.75. 3n-2 = 1.75 * 2n = 3.5n. 2 = -0.5n. n = -4. Wrong calculation. (3n-2)/2 = 1.75n. 3n-2 = 3.5n. 2 = -0.5n. n = -4. Wrong approach. Ratio O2:CO2 = 0.175:0.1 = 1.75 = 7/4. (3n-2)/2 / n = 7/4. 4(3n-2) = 7*2n = 14n. 12n - 8 = 14n. 2n = -8. n = -4. Still wrong. Let's recheck ratio: O2/CO2 = 1.75. If n=2, (3*2-2)/2 = 2. O2/CO2 = 2/2 = 1. If n=3, (3*3-2)/2 = 3.5. O2/CO2 = 3.5/3 = 7/6 = 1.16. If n=4, (3*4-2)/2 = 5. O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. If n=2, C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O. O2/CO2 = 1. If n=3, C3H6O2 + 3.5O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O. O2/CO2 = 3.5/3 = 7/6. If n=4, C4H8O2 + 5O2 -> 4CO2 + 4H2O. O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. If n=5, C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 -> 5CO2 + 5H2O. O2/CO2 = 6.5/5 = 1.3. Something wrong with my ratio calculation or assumption of no, đơn chức. Let's assume nCO2:nH2O = 1:1 is correct. Then ester is no, đơn chức. nCO2 = 0.1 mol. n(C) = 0.1 mol. nH2O = 0.1 mol. n(H) = 0.2 mol. mC = 0.1*12 = 1.2g. mH = 0.2*1 = 0.2g. m(C+H) = 1.4g. m(ester) = unknown yet. We need to find mass of ester. Assume 1 mol ester. CnH2nO2. M = 14n + 32. From CO2 and H2O, we know nCO2=nH2O=0.1 mol. So n=0.1 mol ester burned to get 0.1 mol CO2. So 1 mol ester gives 1 mol CO2. This is impossible for ester CnH2nO2 with n>=2. There must be mistake in problem statement or my interpretation. Re-reading question. 'Ester X đơn chức, mạch hở'. 'Cần vừa đủ 3.92 lít O2, thu được 2.24 lít CO2 và 1.8g H2O'. nCO2 = 0.1 mol, nH2O = 0.1 mol. nO2 = 0.175 mol. Ratio nCO2:nH2O = 1:1. Ratio nO2:nCO2 = 0.175:0.1 = 1.75 = 7/4. For CnH2nO2, (3n-2)/2 O2 -> nCO2. Ratio O2/CO2 = (3n-2)/(2n). (3n-2)/(2n) = 7/4. 4(3n-2) = 14n. 12n - 8 = 14n. 2n = -8. n = -4. Still negative n. Something fundamentally wrong. Let's try again. CnH2nO2 + xO2 -> nCO2 + nH2O. x = n + n/4 - 1 = (5n/4) - 1 = (5n-4)/4. Ratio O2/CO2 = ((5n-4)/4) / n = (5n-4)/(4n) = 1.75 = 7/4. 4(5n-4) = 7*4n = 28n. 20n - 16 = 28n. 8n = -16. n = -2. Still negative. Let's double check combustion reaction for CnH2nO2. CnH2nO2 + (3n-2)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + nH2O. x = (3n-2)/2. Ratio O2/CO2 = (3n-2)/(2n). If n=2, C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O. O2/CO2 = 1. If n=3, C3H6O2 + 3.5O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O. O2/CO2 = 3.5/3 = 7/6 ~ 1.16. If n=4, C4H8O2 + 5O2 -> 4CO2 + 4H2O. O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. If n=2, O2/CO2 = 1. If n=3, O2/CO2 = 7/6. If n=4, O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. If n=5, O2/CO2 = 13/10 = 1.3. Given ratio O2/CO2 = 1.75 = 7/4. Something is wrong in my understanding of combustion or the given data is inconsistent. Let's re-examine calculation. (3n-2)/(2n) = 1.75. 3n-2 = 1.75 * 2n = 3.5n. -2 = 0.5n. n = -4. Error somewhere. Let's re-do ratio. O2/CO2 = 0.175/0.1 = 1.75 = 7/4. (3n-2)/(2n) = 7/4. 12n - 8 = 14n. -8 = 2n. n = -4. Still negative. Perhaps ester is not saturated? Let's assume unsaturated ester CnH2n-2kO2. CnH2n-2kO2 + (3n-2k-2)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + (n-k)H2O. If k=1 (one double bond). CnH2n-2O2 + (3n-4)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + (n-1)H2O. Ratio nCO2:nH2O = n:(n-1). Not 1:1. If nCO2=nH2O, then ester must be saturated CnH2nO2. But ratio O2/CO2 = 1.75 doesn't fit for any positive n. Data might be inconsistent or there is a mistake in my formula or approach. Let's re-calculate O2 needed for combustion. For 1C, CH2O + 1O2 -> CO2 + H2O. O2/CO2 = 1. For 2C, C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O. O2/CO2 = 1. For 3C, C3H6O2 + 3.5O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O. O2/CO2 = 3.5/3 = 7/6. For 4C, C4H8O2 + 5O2 -> 4CO2 + 4H2O. O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. For 5C, C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 -> 5CO2 + 5H2O. O2/CO2 = 6.5/5 = 1.3. Ratio O2/CO2 is always <= 1.33 for saturated ester. Given ratio is 1.75 > 1.33. Something is wrong with problem data or my understanding. Let's assume nCO2=nH2O=0.1 is correct. And nO2=0.175 is correct. If nCO2=0.1, mass of C = 1.2g. If nH2O=0.1, mass of H = 0.2g. Mass of O in CO2 and H2O is 0.1*32 + 0.1*16 = 3.2 + 1.6 = 4.8g. Mass of O2 used = 0.175 * 32 = 5.6g. Mass of ester = mass of CO2 + mass of H2O - mass of O2 = (0.1*44) + 1.8 - 5.6 = 4.4 + 1.8 - 5.6 = 0.6g. Molar mass of ester = 0.6 / 0.1 = 6 g/mol. This is too low for ester. Molar mass of simplest ester HCOOCH3 = 60 g/mol. Error somewhere. Re-examine nCO2=0.1, nH2O=0.1, nO2=0.175. Ratio O2/CO2 = 1.75 = 7/4. Let's assume ester is CnH2nO2. Then (3n-2)/2 = 1.75n. 3n-2 = 3.5n. -2 = 0.5n. n = -4. Still negative. Let's check if nH2O < nCO2 is possible for ester combustion. No, for ester CxHyOz, if y >= 2z, then nH2O >= nCO2. Given nCO2 = nH2O, so ester must be saturated đơn chức CnH2nO2. But O2/CO2 ratio is wrong for any n. Let's re-calculate ratio O2/CO2 = 3.92/2.24 = 1.75. Is it possible to have O2/CO2 ratio > 1.33 for ester combustion? No, for saturated ester, max ratio is 1.33 (n=5). Maybe ester is not saturated đơn chức. Let's consider CnH2n-2O2 (one double bond). CnH2n-2O2 + (3n-4)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + (n-1)H2O. Ratio O2/CO2 = (3n-4)/(2n). Ratio nCO2/nH2O = n/(n-1) > 1. But given nCO2=nH2O. So, contradiction in problem statement. Assuming there is typo and nCO2:nH2O is actually not 1:1. But if nCO2=nH2O=0.1 is correct, then for saturated ester CnH2nO2, n should be 2 (C2H4O2 - HCOOCH3, CH3COOH). Molar mass = 60. But O2 needed is 2 moles per 1 mole ester C2H4O2. If 0.1 mol CO2 is produced, ester is 0.1/2 = 0.05 mol. Mass of ester = 0.05 * 60 = 3g. O2 needed = 0.05 * 2 = 0.1 mol = 2.24L. Not 3.92L. If ester is C3H6O2 (M=74). C3H6O2 + 3.5O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O. If 0.1 mol CO2, ester = 0.1/3 = 0.033 mol. O2 = 0.033 * 3.5 = 0.116 mol = 2.6L. Still not 3.92L. If ester is C4H8O2 (M=88). C4H8O2 + 5O2 -> 4CO2 + 4H2O. If 0.1 mol CO2, ester = 0.1/4 = 0.025 mol. O2 = 0.025 * 5 = 0.125 mol = 2.8L. Still not 3.92L. If ester is C5H10O2 (M=102). C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 -> 5CO2 + 5H2O. If 0.1 mol CO2, ester = 0.1/5 = 0.02 mol. O2 = 0.02 * 6.5 = 0.13 mol = 2.9L. Still not 3.92L. If nCO2=0.1, nO2=0.175. Ratio O2/CO2 = 1.75. Need to find n for which (3n-2)/(2n) = 1.75. We already showed n=-4, which is not valid. There is likely error in the given problem data. Assuming nCO2=0.1 mol and nH2O=0.1 mol are correct, and ester is saturated đơn chức. Then nCO2=nH2O means ester is CnH2nO2. Let's check options. C4H8O2. n=4. C4H8O2 + 5O2 -> 4CO2 + 4H2O. O2/CO2 = 5/4 = 1.25. Not 1.75. C3H6O2. n=3. C3H6O2 + 3.5O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O. O2/CO2 = 3.5/3 = 7/6 ~ 1.16. Not 1.75. C2H4O2. n=2. C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O. O2/CO2 = 1. Not 1.75. C5H10O2. n=5. C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 -> 5CO2 + 5H2O. O2/CO2 = 6.5/5 = 1.3. Not 1.75. None of given options fit the O2/CO2 ratio of 1.75. Most likely there is error in O2 volume given in problem. Or error in nCO2/nH2O ratio being 1:1. If nCO2/nH2O is not 1:1, then ester is not saturated đơn chức. But problem states 'ester X đơn chức, mạch hở'. So, assuming 'đơn chức, mạch hở, saturated'. Then CnH2nO2. And ratio O2/CO2 should be around 1 to 1.33. Given 1.75 is too high. Let's re-examine ratio calculation. (3n-2)/(2n) = 1.75. 3n-2 = 3.5n. -2 = 0.5n. n = -4. Error in algebra. Let's try again: (3n-2)/(2n) = 1.75 = 7/4. 4(3n-2) = 7(2n). 12n - 8 = 14n. -8 = 2n. n = -4. Still getting n=-4. Error must be in problem data. Assuming nCO2 = 2.24L is wrong, and should be smaller value to get lower O2/CO2 ratio. Or O2 volume is too high. Let's assume CO2 volume is correct (2.24L = 0.1 mol). Then O2 should be around 0.1 to 0.13 mol for saturated ester. 0.13 mol O2 = 0.13 * 22.4 = 2.9L. If O2 is 2.8L, then O2/CO2 = 2.8/2.24 = 1.25 = 5/4. Then (3n-2)/(2n) = 5/4. 4(3n-2) = 5(2n). 12n - 8 = 10n. 2n = 8. n = 4. C4H8O2. If O2 is 2.8L, then C4H8O2 is possible answer. But given O2 is 3.92L. If we assume CO2 volume is wrong and O2 volume is correct (3.92L = 0.175 mol). If ratio O2/CO2 should be around 1 to 1.3, then CO2 should be higher volume to reduce ratio. If O2 = 0.175 mol, and ratio O2/CO2 = 1.25 (for n=4), then CO2 = 0.175 / 1.25 = 0.14 mol. Volume CO2 = 0.14 * 22.4 = 3.136L. If CO2 = 3.136L and O2 = 3.92L, ratio O2/CO2 = 3.92/3.136 = 1.25 = 5/4. Then n=4, C4H8O2. If CO2 volume was 3.136L instead of 2.24L, then C4H8O2 would fit. Let's check if C4H8O2 is an option. Yes. C4H8O2 is option 1. Let's assume typo in CO2 volume, and it should be ~3.136L instead of 2.24L. Then C4H8O2 is answer.